O Fossil Energy Resources (Gas, Coal, Uranium & others)


Coal
Coal - history, dangers (pollution) and reserves (next 230 years) - Lomborg



Figure 70 World coal production, price and years of consumption. Production in billion tons, 1888-1999, price in 2000 USS per ton, 1880-1999, and years of consumption, 1975-1999 in hundreds of years (right axis).

Source: Simon efo/. 1994,  Simon, Julian L., G. W einrauch and S. Moore 1994 "The reserves of extracted resources: historical data." Non-Renewable Resources 325-40. Text from http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/ Colleges/BMGT/.Faculty/JSimon/Articles/ RESOURCE.txt.
 EIA 1997b:Table 3.2, 11.15,  1997b Annual Energy Review 1996. Energy Information Agency under US Department of Energy, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/ contents .html.
EIA 1999c:63, 1999c Annual Energy Review 1998. Energy Information Agency under US Department of Energy, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/ contents.html.
2000a:23, 2000a International Energy Annual 1998. Energy Information Agency under US Department of Energy. Data at http://www.eia.doe.gov/ pub/international/iea98/.
2000d:205, 2000d Annual Energy Review 1999. Energy Information Agency under US Department of Energy, ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/pdf/multi.fuel/ 038499.pdf.
2001b:25, 295, 2001b International Energy Annual 1999. Energy Information Agency under US Department of Energy, http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/pdf/ international/021999.pdf.
Freme and Hong 2000:5, Freme F. L. and B. D. Hong 2000 U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 1999 Review. U.S. Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/ coal/cia/99_special/coal99.pdf
CPI 2001, CPI 2001 Consumer Price Index 1913-February 2001; W ashington, DC: Bureau of Labor. ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/ cpiai.txt.

BP 1998, 1999. -- BP 1998 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1997.
1999 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 1998 (Latest statistics available at http://www.bp.com/ worldenergy/http://www.bpamoco.com/ worldenergy/.)

NOTE 913913. Additional resource data from International Energy Annuals, personal communication, Harriet McLaine, EIA. Price of Bituminous Coal FOB Mines.
Coal output and real prices, 1700s–1860s - Clark
Gregory Clark (2007) - A Farewell to Alms - a brief economic history of the world

[ref]The Source is Clark (2008) - A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton University Press.

The original source of the data is Clark and Jacks, 2007.
[/ref]
Output of coal in 1860‌ in European Countries - Cambridge Economic History Vol. 1
Taken from: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 1, 1700-1870

Output of coal in 1860‌



000 tonnes

 % of Europe
Austria
 3,189
 2.7
Belgium
 9,611
 8.0
France
 8,304
 6.9
Germany
 16,731
 13.9
Great Britain
 81,327
 67.6
Hungary
 475
 0.4
Italy (1861)
 34
 0.0
Russia
 300
 0.2
Spain
 340
 0.3
Sweden
 26
 0.0

Note: Hard coal and brown coal (lignite) are lumped together.
Source: Mitchell, 2003.
DATA Coal consumption per person (1968-2011) - through Gapminder BP data
UK production and imports of coal, and UK consumption of gas - MacKay

McKay (2008) - Sustainable Energy — without the hot air

[ref]MacKay (2008) - Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air. UIT.
The book is available in print but can also be downloaded for free from the book's website here. http://www.withouthotair.com/download.html
[/ref]
Powers are expressed “per person” by dividing each power by 60 million.
TIMESERIES Coal Demand in China and the Rest of the World – 

Source: International Energy Agency. http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/speeches/131216_MCMR13_launch_presentation_Sadamori.pdf

It's easy to forget amidst the fracking boom here in the U.S. that the rest of the world still really, really wants coal. Like, a lot of coal. Too much coal, I'd say.
Read more here.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/01/15/40-charts-that-explain-the-world/
TIMESERIES Coal production, 1810–2010 – Smil (2010)

Plotted from data in UNO (1956 and 1976), Etemad et al. (1991), and BP (2009).
[ref]This is taken from Vaclav Smil (2010) – Energy Transitions (History, Requirements, Prospects). Praeger. The book's website is here. http://www.vaclavsmil.com/energy-transitions-history-requirements-prospects/
[/ref]
Vaclav Smil (2010) - Energy Transitions (History, Requirements, Prospects)



Methan
Methane was earlier a danger and miners tried to get rid of it - today it can be exploited
At the same time there are several other discoveries that have expanded the fossil fuel resources considerably. First, we have now begun to be able to exploit methane gas in coal beds. Earlier, miners would fear seeping methane gas that could cause explosions and make the mine collapse. Today, this gas can be exploited. The precise recoverable amounts of coal bed methane are not known, but are estimated to exceed the current reserves of natural gas and could be double the size.912912. Methane gas reserves are estimated by the US Geological Survey to be somewhere between 85 and 262el2 m3, compared to natural gas at 119el2 m3 (Craig et al. 1996:150; USGS 1997d).
 This discovery alone gives us gas for at least another 60 years.
Lomborg on the Prospect of Exploiting Tar Sands and Shale Oil

Gas
History of Gas (huge pipeline network needed) and Remaining reserves - Lomborg
DATA Natural Gas proven reserves (for reserves 1980-2008) - BP data through Gapminder
DATA Natural Gas production, consumption(for production 1970-2008) - BP data through Gapminder
TIMESERIES Natural gas production, 1880–2010 – Smil (2010)

Plotted from data in UNO (1956 and 1976) and BP (2009).
[ref]This is taken from Vaclav Smil (2010) – Energy Transitions (History, Requirements, Prospects). Praeger. The book's website is here. http://www.vaclavsmil.com/energy-transitions-history-requirements-prospects/
[/ref]
Vaclav Smil (2010) - Energy Transitions (History, Requirements, Prospects)

Correlates, Determinants, & Consequences


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Measurement, Data Quality & Definitions




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DATA

DATA&xls  Output Of Crude Petroleum   –    International Historical Statistics
The IHS data is in this DEVONthink folder:  OUTPUT OF CRUDE PETROLEUM
Generelle Beschreibung der Quelle
Data from 1750 onwards for countries around the world is available in the International Historical Statistics (IHS). These statistics – orignally published under the editorial leadership of Brian Mitchell (since 1983) – are a collection of data sets taken from many primary sources, including both official national and international abstracts dating back to 1750. The books are published in three volumes covering more than 5000 pages.[ref]The printed version is published in 3 volumes: Africa, Asia, Oceania – The Americas – Europe. The volume set is described at the publisher's website here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688[/ref] At some universities you can access the online version of the books where data tables can be downloaded as ePDFs and Excel files. The online access is here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688

My citatation for a single series:
[ref]This data is taken from the International Historical Statistics (IHS), edited by Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. (April 2013). The online version is available here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688. As a printed version it is published by Palgrave. http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=275960

[/ref]
DATA&xls  Output Of Natural Gas   –    International Historical Statistics
The IHS data is in this DEVONthink folder:  OUTPUT OF NATURAL GAS
Generelle Beschreibung der Quelle
Data from 1750 onwards for countries around the world is available in the International Historical Statistics (IHS). These statistics – orignally published under the editorial leadership of Brian Mitchell (since 1983) – are a collection of data sets taken from many primary sources, including both official national and international abstracts dating back to 1750. The books are published in three volumes covering more than 5000 pages.[ref]The printed version is published in 3 volumes: Africa, Asia, Oceania – The Americas – Europe. The volume set is described at the publisher's website here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688[/ref] At some universities you can access the online version of the books where data tables can be downloaded as ePDFs and Excel files. The online access is here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688

My citatation for a single series:
[ref]This data is taken from the International Historical Statistics (IHS), edited by Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. (April 2013). The online version is available here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688. As a printed version it is published by Palgrave. http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=275960

[/ref]
DATA&xls  Output Of Coal   –    International Historical Statistics
The IHS data is in this DEVONthink folder:  OUTPUT OF COAL
Generelle Beschreibung der Quelle
Data from 1750 onwards for countries around the world is available in the International Historical Statistics (IHS). These statistics – orignally published under the editorial leadership of Brian Mitchell (since 1983) – are a collection of data sets taken from many primary sources, including both official national and international abstracts dating back to 1750. The books are published in three volumes covering more than 5000 pages.[ref]The printed version is published in 3 volumes: Africa, Asia, Oceania – The Americas – Europe. The volume set is described at the publisher's website here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688[/ref] At some universities you can access the online version of the books where data tables can be downloaded as ePDFs and Excel files. The online access is here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688

My citatation for a single series:
[ref]This data is taken from the International Historical Statistics (IHS), edited by Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. (April 2013). The online version is available here. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688. As a printed version it is published by Palgrave. http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=275960

[/ref]



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